Electrochemical defluorination of water: an experimental and morphological study

Abstract This experimental study concerns the elimination of fluoride from water using an electrocoagulation reactor having a variable flow direction in favour increasing electrolysing time, saving area, and mixing. The detention time space-saver EC (S-SECR) was measured compared to traditional reactors inert dye (red drain dye). Then, influence electrical current (1.5 ≤ δ 3.5 mA cm−2), pH (4 10), distance between electrodes (5 ϕ 15) on defluoridation analysed. effect activity electrodes' morphology studied scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, operational cost calculated. results confirmed removal S-SECR met guideline World Health Organization (WHO) for levels drinking ≤1.5 mg/L. abated concentration 20 mg/L WHO's at δ, ϕ, pH, cost, power consumption 2.5 cm−2, 5 mm, 7, 0.346 USD m−3, 5.03 kWh respectively. It also found enhanced by 190% reactors. appearance dents irregularities surface anodes SEM images proves process.